Social Learning Theory & Crime

The surmise stated that an individuals look was shaped and that strengthener (negative and overbearing) and penalty determined the likelihood that the demeanor, once exhibited, would continue (Burgess Akers, 1966). Negative reward could entail such negative events as being ostracized by ones friends or the group. An example of a positive degree reinforcement would be acceptance by the group or elevation in status. Punishment could include being caught by authorities and incarcerated or fined. Akers (1977) modified the first derivative association-reinforcement supposition and called the untested theory friendly information, emphasizing the synergy in the midst of sociology and psychology. The severalise concepts of the new theory were differential association and definitions (from Suther1ands 1947 theory), and differential reinforcement and imitation (from behavioral sciences learning theory) (Akers, 1977; Akers, 1998). Social learning theorys primary surmise is t hat the same learning process produces both diverge and conform behavior (Akers, 1998). The learning process operates in a background of social structure, interactions, and situations (Akers, 1998). The probability of criminal (deviant) or conforming behavior occurring is a function of the variables operating at the profound social learning process (e.g., reinforcement)(Akers, 1977; Akers, 1998). Akers (1998) presented the theory in footing of four testable hypotheses: The individual is more(prenominal) likely to commit violations when: 1) He or she differentially associates with others who commit, model, and support violations of social and legal norms. 2) The nauseating behavior is differentially reinforced over behavior in accord to the norm. 3) He or she is more exposed to and observes more deviant than conforming models. 4) His or her own learned definitions be thriving toward committing deviant acts (p. 51). The primary learning mechanisms in the theory are differential reinforcement and imitation! . The learning...If you want to get a practiced essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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